The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is one of the most widely used personality questionnaires, but very few studies have been conducted on its psychometric properties in Iranian population. This study was carried out with the aim of studying the psychometric properties of the BFI questionnaire. For this purpose, 390 university students in Tehran (210 girls and 180 boys) with an age range of 18 to 56 years (M = 27.52; SD = 8.79) were selected using the convenience sampling method and completed BFI and NEO-FFI questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha, multitrait-multimethod matrix, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to estimate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that 15 of the 44 items did not have a strong factor loading (higher than 0.40) on the corresponding factors and were therefore removed from the questionnaire. The fit indices showed that the Persian version of 29 questions (BFI-29) with 5 factors has a good fit with the data. The reliability analysis also showed that the range of Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the factors is from 0.70 to 0.79. The lowest Cronbach's alpha coefficient was related to agreeableness factor and the highest was related to conscientiousness. The findings from the multitrait-multimethod matrix showed that the BFI-29 questionnaire has good convergent and divergent validity with the NEO-FFI questionnaire. In general, based on the results of the present study, it can be said that the BFI-29 questionnaire has desirable psychometric properties and whenever a short tool for personality measurement is needed, this questionnaire can be used.

Impulsivity is central to several psychopathological states in adolescence. However, there is little consensus concerning the definition of impulsivity and its core dimensions. In response to this lack of consensus, Whiteside and Lynam (2001) have developed Impulsive Behavior Scale, which is able to distinguish 4 dimensions of impulsivity in adults: Urgency, lack of Premeditation, lack of Perseverance, and Sensation seeking. The aim of this study was investigating the reliability, validity and factor structure of the UPPS scale on 484 Iranian undergraduate students (190 male, 294 female). The item total correlations and factor analysis of questionnaire items showed that four items have insignificant correlations coefficients and weak factor loadings. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 42 item questionnaire was 0.796. Principal component analysis, using a varimax rotation, resulted in the following components: Urgency, Lack of premeditation, Lack of preservance, Sensation seeking. Goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four extracted factors, but the secondorder factor analysis indicated that the three factor model is better than the four factor model, excluding sensation seeking.

Background: Procrastination as a self-regulatory deficiency is considered as one of the main factors in several personal and interpersonal problems. Aims: The main purpose of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, and construct validity. Mehtod: Four hundred and eighty seven students (263 girls, 224 bpys) were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the PPS, Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS), Ego-Strength Scale (ESS), and Mental Health Inventory (MHI-28). Results: Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the PPS were examined at satisfactory levels. The PPS revealed negative associations with self-oriented perfectionism (p>0/001), ego-strenght (p<0/001), and psychological well-being (p<0/001), as well as significant positive associations with other-oriented perfectionism (p<0/001), socially prescribed perfectionism (p<0/001), and psychological distress(p<0/001). These results confirmed the convergent and discriminant validity of the PPS. Conclusions: Preliminary results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed a general factor for the PPS. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that the PPS can be considered as a reliable and valid scale to measure procrastination in Iranian samples.

For studying validity and reliability of GARDOON Personality Questionnaire (Farahani et.al.2004), 2400 girls and boys students in different educational regions in Tehran, completed the 126 revised GARDOON Personality Questionnaire. The promax rotation factor analysis on boys group indicated the 5 principal components as Openness to experience, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Religiousness, and Agreeableness. The conformity factor analysis on girls showed the same results. The reliability of GARDOON for girls and boys were acceptable.

Objectives: Parenting is a difficult task. factors like social support, sense of coherence, selfesteem, hardiness, optimism, internal locus of control, and religious coping play a vital role in this area. This study aimed to develop a religious coping measure for parents of differently-abled children. It also aimed to explore the factor structure and reliability of a religious coping scale. Methods: Two hundred parents of differently-abled children completed the research measure. The mean age and standard deviation of the parents were 40. 04 and 5. 31 years, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to identify the potential factor structure of the religious coping scale. Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that the religious coping scale had 5 factors comprising “ divinely seeking” , “ coping attitude” , “ religious faith” , “ sense of possibility” , and “ spiritual and social support” . Discussion: The study showed that the scale had good internal consistency, factorial, and content validity. Furthermore, a significant positive association was found between the dimensions of the religious coping scale. The results suggest that this scale is a reliable and valid tool for measuring religious coping among parents of differently-abled children.

Background and Aim: One of the most important and underlying marital problems in couples is marital disillusionment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and factor structure of the scale of the Marital Disillusionment Scale.Materials and Methods: A sample of 188 teachers was selected with convenience sampling of students of Karaj. To calculate the convergent and divergent validity, attitudes toward infidelity scale, Kensas marital satisfaction scale, attachment styles & marital forgiveness were used. In order to assess the first order confirmatory factor of the marital disillusionment scale, the weighted lowest squares (WLS) and to assess the adequacy of the model to the data, the parameters of RMR, RMSEA, CFI, AGFI, GFI, c2, c2/df, and Δc2 were used.Results: factor structure of the marital disillusionment scale was confirmed with using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha and retest coefficients were 92.0 and 85.0 respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the marital disillusionment scale has a significant positive correlation with attitudes toward infidelity (p<0.01), avoidance/resentment (p<0.01), avoidant attachment (P<0.05), ambivalent attachment subscales (P<0.01), which indicates convergent validity and has a significant negative correlation with the Kensas marital satisfaction scale and forgiveness (P<0.01), which indicates it’s divergent validity.Conclusion: First-order factor structure of "marital disillusionment scale" showed better fitness with the observed data. Confirmatory factor structure, reliability and validity of the marital disillusionment scale for research applications and clinical diagnoses were acceptable.

Background: transition to adolescence is accompanied with rapid changes, unexpected and new cognitive, social, emotional and psychological experiences that makes challenges for adolescents and are considered as underlying factors of stress.Aim: The aim of present study was examining the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) in high school students of both genders.Method: The study sample consisted of high school students in Hamadan city in 2015 school year.280 students were selected based on multi- stage random sampling. To study psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, Adolescent Stress Questionnaire was translated with double- translation technique and finally, to evaluate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, it was administered along with depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS) and state anxiety Inventory (SAI) of Spielberg. Collected data was analyzed and reliability and validity indicators and confirmatory factor analysis were calculated.Results: Analysis of the collected data showed that the questionnaire has the reliability of 0.75 to 0.85 alpha coefficients in ten subscales, In addition, the concurrent validity of the questionnaire with subscales of depression anxiety, stress scale and trait anxiety questionnaire was equal to 0.34, 0.35, 0.82 and 0.15 respectively which in the p.

Background and Purpose: Use of valid and reliable instruments is the important way for collecting data in quantitative researches. This study was conducted to examine the extent of factor analysis use for specifying construct validity of instruments in quantitative research papers published in an internationally recognized journal. Methods: An internationally recognized journal, Nursing Research, was chosen for the review. All articles published in 2003 in this journal were reviewed. Only quantitative research articles that used instruments in need of construct validity verification were included. Each article was completely reviewed to identify the methods of instrument validation. Results: Among 55 research articles, 40 (73%) were quantitative. Among these 40 articles, 8 articles (20%) were dealing with developing an instrument and one article was a meta-analysis and these 9 articles were excluded. Of the other 31 articles, only 4 (12.9%) used a method for specifying the construct validity of the instrument in the study, and 2 (6.5%) used factor analysis for establishing construct validity of the instrument. Conclusion: Although factor analysis is a well recognized method in establishing the construct validity but its use is much less than expected.